חדשות וירוס TV - מהדורה 799 • חושבים שיש לכם כסף?... יש לכם בעצם חוב! - חלק א' • 05-09-2023
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העלייה בריבית מקשה על משקי הבית, אבל סידרה לבנקים רווחי שיא. גל חן, הרווח של בנק דיסקונט זינק ב-75%.
היום הם מוציאים סרטון שבו מככב המנכ״ל,
שמתגאה על כך שחלק מהרווחים ילכו לנופש לאוב. נכון, כן, תראי, לבנק דיסקונט, לכל הבנקים,
זו הייתה שנה פשוט מעולה.
הריבית סידרה להם הכנסות ענק,
וזה כמובן מתרגם לרווח הנקי, רק לדיסקונט, ברבעון האחרון, יותר ממיליארד שקלים, שוב,
נקי לכיס. אז ההנהלה, יחד עם הוועד, מארגנים נופש לעובדים, רובם יטוסו לקפריסין, ללימסול, לכמה ימים.
אדוני היושב-וראש, חברי הכנסת,
תודה רבה.
תודה רבה.
תודה רבה.
שני עצמות גדולות גדולות נחשבות,
אוהד וכסף.
מה זה אוהד? זו שאלה שהשתמשך תחזור בהתארצות,
צמודים,
יתנות, מיוחד וטלוויזיה,
אבל את זה לא יכול להגיד על השאלה מה זה כסף.
לא מבין שתאורי תיאוריה מוניטרי אוהד לא נפגש כל מיוחד בלוקבסטר,
אבל זה לא היה אפילו מוכן שהחולים מוסטוויס עומדים.
למוסטוויס,
השאלה מיוחדת כסף גדולות מביאה לבין
תוכנית תמיד תמיד תמיד של המינט,
מטרפות בילות ומטרפות קורס.
המינט, מוסטוויס חושב,
קצר בגדולות.
זה נכון,
אבל רק לצדקת
אלה של מיוחדות ומטרפוריות של מינט ומטרפוריות שאנחנו בעצם חושבים ככסף גדולות,
הם עוד פרויקטי אצלוויזיה של המינט,
אבל הגמונות היחוד של המינט לא נוקנס בשל מינט,
זה נוקנס במקרות גדולות כל יום מישהו בין מקומות חשובות בריטלות,
נכון ככנסת.
מיוחדים חושבים שבנות מבינים מישהו שהוציא להם מהשרות של היפוש,
ממש לגמרי,
אבל אולי האמת.
באמת,
בשאלה מישהו הם אתכם להבין לא מספר תוכניות המרכזות הארגE,
לא מספר תוכניות המיוח,
but directly from the borrowers promise to repay.
The borrower's signature on the loan papers is an obligation to pay the bank the amount of the loan,
plus interest,
or lose the house,
the car,
whatever asset was pledged as collateral.
That's a big commitment from the borrower.
What does the same signature require of the bank?
The bank gets to conjure into existence the amount of the loan and just write it into the borrower's account.
Sound far-fetched?
Surely that can't be true,
but it is.
To demonstrate how this miracle of modern banking came about,
consider this simple story,
the goldsmiths tale.
Once upon various times,
pretty much anything was used as money.
It just had to be portable and enough people had to have faith that it could later
be exchange for things of real value like food, clothing and shelter.
Shells,
cocoa beans,
pretty stones,
even feathers have been used as money.
גולד וסילבר were attractive, soft and easy to work with,
so some cultures became expert with these metals.
גולדסמית'
made trade much easier by casting coins,
standardized units of these metals,
whose weight and purity were certified.
To protect his gold,
the goldsmith needed a vault,
and soon his fellow townsmen were knocking on his door,
wanting to rent space to safeguard their own coins and valuables.
Before long,
the goldsmiths was renting every shelf in the vault and earning a small income from his vault rental business.
Years went by and the goldsmiths made an astute observation.
Depositors rarely came in to remove their actual physical gold,
and they never all came in at once.
That was because the claim checks the goldsmiths had written as receipts for the gold were being traded in the market place as if they were the gold itself.
This paper money was far more convenient than heavy coins and amounts could simply
be written instead of laboriously counted one by one for each transaction.
Meanwhile, the goldsmith had another business.
He lent out his gold,
charging interest.
Well, as his convenient claim check money came into acceptance,
borrowers began asking for the loans in the form of these claim checks instead of the actual metal.
The industry expanded more and more people ask the goldsmith for loans.
This gave the goldsmith an even better idea.
He knew that very few of his depositors ever removed their actual gold,
so the goldsmith figured he could easily get away with lending out
claim checks for the claim checks in his depositors in addition to his own.
As long as the loans were reppaid,
his depositors would be none the wiser and no worse off.
And the goldsmith,
now more banker than artisan,
would make a far greater profit than he could by lending only his own gold.
For years,
the goldsmith secretly enjoyed a good income from the interest earned on everybody else's deposits.
Now a prominent lender, he grew steadily richer than his fellow townsman and he flaunted it.
The suspicions grew that he was spending his depositor's money.
his depositors got together and threatened withdrawal of their gold if the goldsmith didn't come clean about his newfoundfound wealth.
Contrary to what one might expect,
this did not turn out to be a disaster for the goldsmith.
To spite the duplicity inherent in his scheme,
his idea did work.
The depositors had not lost anything.
Their gold was all safe in the goldsmith's vault.
Well, rather than taking back their gold,
the depositors demanded that the goldsmith,
now their banker,
cut them in by paying them a share of the interest.
And that was the beginning of banking.
The banker paid a low interest rate on deposits of other people's money
that he then loaned out at a higher interest.
The difference covered the bank's cost of operation and its profit.
The logic of this system was simple and it seemed like a reasonable way to satisfy the demand for credit.
However, this is not the way banking works today.
Our goldsmith banker was not content with the income remaining after sharing the interest earnings with his depositors and
the demand for credit was growing fast as Europeans spread out across the world.
But his loans were limited by the amount of gold his depositors had in his vault.
That's when he got an even bolder idea.
Since no one but himself knew what was actually in his vaults,
he could lend out claim checks on gold that wasn't even there.
As long as all the claim check holders didn't come to the vault at the same time and demand real gold,
how would anyone find out?
This new scheme worked very well and the banker became enormously
wealthy on the interest paid on gold that did not exist.
The idea that the banker would just create money out of nothing was too outrageous to believe,
so for a long time,
the thought did not occur to people.
But the power to just invent money went to the banker's head, as you can all imagine.
In time,
the magnitude of the banker's loans and his ostentatious wealth did trigger suspicions once again.
Some borrowers started to demand real gold instead of paper representations.
Rumor נפגעו,
ולכן כמה מוסדותים נפגעו להחזיר את הורים שלהם.
המשחק נפגעו.
A sea of claim check holders נפגעו בשטחות המשחקות של הבנק.
Alas,
הבנקר לא היה לו כמה גדול וסילבר להחזיר את כל המספר שהיה נותן אליהם.
זה נקרא לרובות על הבנק,
וזה מה שכל הבנקר מבטיח.
This phenomenon של רובות על הבנק רובות על הבנקות מיוחדות,
ולא מבחינתי להשתמש במיוחדות על הבנקים בכל הבנקים.
It would have been straightforward to outlaw the practice of creating money from nothing.
But the large volumes of credit the bankers were offering had become essential to the success of European commercial expansion,
so instead the practice was legalized and regulated.
Bankers agreed to abide by limits on the amount of fictional loan money that could be lent out.
The limit would still be a number much larger than the actual value of gold and silver in the vault.
Very often the ratio was 9 fictional dollars to 1 actual dollar in gold.
These regulations were enforced by surprise inspections.
It was also arranged that in the event of a run,
central banks would support local banks with emergency infusions of gold.
Only if there were runs on a lot of banks simultaneously,
with the banker's credit bubble burst, and the system comes crashing down.
Over the years,
the fractional reserve system and its integrated network of banks backed by a central bank has become the dominant money system of the world.
At the same time,
the fraction of the fraction of the gold and the fraction of the gold
and the fraction of gold backing the debt money has steadily shrunk to nothing.
The basic nature of money has changed.
In the past,
a paper dollar was actually a receipt that could be redeemed for a fixed weight of gold or silver.
In the present,
a paper or digital dollar can only be redeemed for another paper or digital dollar.
In the past,
privately created קרד חלק קרדח במקומות הקרדחים במדינת זו רק בפורמות של פריווחות בקטע נותנותות רוחות והשלישות של אנשים עשו שירותים ביותר,
חולים, חולים וחולים, אנחנו חושבים כך שירותים ראשים.
פייט קרנציה היא חלק מקרדחות של גדול המדינת זו או תקריא
and legal tender laws declare that citizens must accept this fiat money as payment for debt or else the courts will not enforce the obligation.
So now, the question is,
if governments and banks can both just create money,
then how much money exists?
In the past,
the total amount of money in existence was limited to the actual
physical quantities of whatever commodity was in use as money.
For example, in order for new gold or silver money to be created,
more gold or silver had to be found and dug out of the ground.
In the present, money is literally created as debt.
New money is created whenever anyone takes a loan from the bank.
As a result,
the total amount of money that can be created has only one real limit,
the total level of debt.
The government's place an additional statutory limit on the creation of new money by enforcing rules known as fractional reserve requirements.
Essentially arbitrary,
fractional reserve requirements vary from country to country and from time to time.
In the past, it was common to require banks to have at least one dollar's worth of real gold in the vault to back 10 dollar's worth of debt money created.
Today,
reserve requirement ratios no longer apply to the ratio of new money to gold on deposit,
but merely to the ratio of new debt money to existing debt money on deposit in the bank.
Today, a bank's reserves in a bank, the amount of government-issue cash or equivalent that the bank has deposited with the central bank,
plus the amount of already existing debt money the bank has on deposit.
To illustrate this in a simple way,
let's imagine that a new bank has just started up and has no depositors yet.
אבל אם כן, הלנחיות הבנות לגבי הבנות מהסדרות,
של 1,111 דולר ו-12 שחזקים לתקצת משכנת הבנייה ב-Central.
הגיע שיתוחד לגבי הבנייה הוא 9x1.
תהליכויות,
תחזורות הבאות,
והבריות הקרובות והזכויות אותנו בראשות מספיקה להחליט משמעותית.
הוא צריך 10,000 דולריך לבנות קצת בחירות.
ב-9x1 רציון,
התשחזור בקוויות הבנייה ב-Central,
גם כ-High-Powered Money,
יכולים לתת לגמריית לגמריית תחום,
9 חלקים שעשוו,
או 10,000 דולר,
על בסיסיון של הבחירות של הבחירות של החזרה.
זה 10,000 דולר לא נקבל ממנו,
זה כסף נוסף של כל מיני חזרה מאוד פשוט לתת לחזרה של הבחירות.
הבחירות אז מיוחדת על הבחירות של הבחירות לבחירות של הבחירות.
אדוני היושב-ראש, חבריי חברי הכנסת,
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